The recent diagnosis of anthrax in a South Dakota cattle herd is serving as a reminder to Saskatchewan producers that there is a high risk of anthrax occurring in Saskatchewan through the summer and fall of 2007. South Dakota experienced conditions of flooding similar to the situation now in Saskatchewan, which is a further indication that more anthrax cases could develop in the province this year.
Anthrax is caused by a spore-forming bacterium that is present in the soil. While it can affect all mammals, the form seen in livestock is not highly contagious. Animals develop infection when anthrax spores enter their body, most often through grazing contaminated pastures.
Anthrax was also confirmed in several vaccinated herds over the past winter in Saskatchewan. It is believed that the cattle were exposed to anthrax spores in feed that provided a sufficient dose to overwhelm their immunity.
The following are key points producers should be aware of regarding anthrax:
- The risk of anthrax is highest in, but not limited to, areas with disruption of soil from tillage or flooding, or those with drought, especially after flooding.
- The anthrax vaccine for livestock provides protection for six months to a year, but declining protection can be overwhelmed by exposure to large numbers of spores.
- The anthrax vaccine is readily available and effective in preventing the disease.
- Herds that were affected and vaccinated last summer, as well as those in the vicinity of the outbreaks, should be vaccinated before animals are turned out on pasture to prevent the disease this summer.
- Calves born this spring, and new introductions to vaccinated herds, should receive vaccine to ensure they are protected.
- Livestock producers should consult their veterinarian for specific advice on vaccination and cost for their herd.
- The vaccine must be stored at correct temperatures and administered correctly to be effective in providing protection.
- Any instance of sudden, unexplained death in livestock should be investigated by a veterinarian who can determine whether anthrax is a possible diagnosis.
- Affected animals are most often found dead with no signs of illness. Those that appear sick may show a variety of signs, including difficulty breathing, swelling of the head and neck, depression and collapse.
- If anthrax is suspected, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) must be notified. This disease is reportable under the Health of Animals Act. Contact your local district CFIA if you suspect anthrax in your herd.
For additional information visit www.inspection.gc.ca and click on Animals/Diseases/Anthrax, or call the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377.
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For more information, contact:
Scott Brown
Agriculture and Food
Regina
Phone: 306-787-4031
Email: sbrown@agr.gov.sk.ca
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